Science revision Guides

[ninjamonkey]

Hello people In the upcoming Weeks To The Exams I shall Post Some helpfull Guides here....

How to revise....

1) If you Folow this Guide it Should cover Most Of The Topics and details be aware I only Picked Out the important Stuff, I Would Advise you to Also use your Other resources you have to revise for the test...

2) print This Of If It helps and go to a quiet room where none shall disturb you and Interuppt your learning proccess

3) Enjoy and Don't get Stressed Out Over tests......

:)Hope this helps

[ninjamonkey]

[glow=red,2,300]Rocks[/glow]

Rocks Are Made mainly by mineral grains they can also Consist of organic and clay materials.
Rocks can make up to 5 miles or more of mountains.
The earths crust is made up of rocks.
Non Porous rocks are Shiny and hard For Example. Granite and Slate You Will Find these Are mainly Interlocking rocks.
Porous rocks are Dull and Crumblyfor Example. Sandstone and Limestone You will find these are Mainly Not Interlocking rocks.
Also If Acid rain Would Fall on to carbonate rocks like limestone

Onion peel

The Constant change of night to day temperatures going up and down makes the rock expand and contract making layers of Skin of the rock peel of like an Onion Skin ;D

freeze-Thaw damage

Water gets Into a crack in a rock, this results in it freeezing and expanding This forces the crack to get wide and wider and Eventually break the rock in half.....This is a slow proccess but it can break down mountains over years.

Scree Slope

A Rock falls from its Original place and forms A Pile at the rock face, this results In A massive Pile these rocks Can vary in size.
If theres a fast flowing Stream passing by the fallen rock some fragments Then Will Fall into the water they can....

1) Travel huge distances (when I say Huge I don't mean Like japan to france.....)

2)It can change there Shap by going from a Strange pointy rock to a round Smooth rock

3) large grains Are depostied As Sediment

In times of bad weather rivers can pick Up loads of rocks and as it empties to the entuary it deposites its sediments all over the stream bed and creates layers...Sediments can also be made when water containing dissolved substances Evaporates this leaves behind Solid Sediments the reamins of dead creatures can get caught this is used to work out how old the layers are e.t.c

Hope this helped new One posted soon !

[ninjamonkey]

[glow=blue,100,000]

Volcanoes And More Rocks....

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Sedimentary Rocks are made from small grains of rock (sediments) which Have definately been weathered from rock surfaces and carried by water to where they are deposited.
eventually, the weight of the sediment compacts the grains togther and as the water is Squashed out from between the grains it leaves behind the dissolved minerals which glue the rock grains togther.

There is 3 methods of formation....

from rock grains which are deposited in shallow seas e.g sandstone

from dissolved minerals which are evaporated out of shallow seas e.g rock salt

from the skeletons of once livingsea creatures which have fallen to the bottom of the sea e.g limestone Some types of sedimentary rock can be formed from a combination of these three ways.

Sedimentary rocks fall into the porous group aka Dull crumbly (if you read my last post you would understand this )
Sedimentary rock Also feels grainy and pieces often fall off and the grains don't interlock, therefore there are air spaces between some grains

Limestone & chalk----> made of dead sea creatures (mainly)

sandstone & shale --------> made of tiny grains of rock

Metmorphic rocks

Metamorphism as im sure Alot of you know from Xmen, Games: It means changing forms Like tranforming (LOL like transformers ROBOTS IN DISCUISE!!!! )

Metamorphic rocks Are made from other types of rocks (usually sedimentary) which have changed in some way be it heat or pressure '

take A volcano The Sedimentary rock's In a volcanoe Will be exposed to great pressure, From the rock layers above, and high tempratures from the solidiffed magma in the direct contact with it....This Will make the rock Change Into a different rock type

heres an example:

Layers of Mudstone to............ ---------------> layers of Slate

Some Metamorphic rocks are marble (made from Limestone) Slate (made from Mudstone)

Now onto igneous rocks....


Igneous rocks

Igneous rocks are made from molten rocks aka Magma, if you dig Deep enough into the earths crust you shall find Molten rock...
the type of Igneous rock produced depends on how the Magma cools

The pumice Is blown out of the volcanoes as ash, with some large lumps in it, and eventually settles in layers......
The basalt forms huge Flat lava fields of hard rock, whereas the granite is eventually exposed as the sides of the volcano Are eroded away.

[glow=orange,2,300]REMBER[/glow]

Small crystals mean the rock has cooled quick usually in or near the earths Surface large crystals meann the opposite of small crystals it means it has cooled Slowly...

Igneous rocks Are usually Interlocking

I know this may seem Confusing But you will understand

I HOPE I HAVE HELPED !

[ninjamonkey]

Food

Here Is the food One Enjoy....



There Are seven Main Types of food Groups they are...
1) Protein - Used For growth and repair Of Body Tissue
2) Fat - Mainly Used as a source of energy
3) Water - Used to Restore Lost Fluids From Running and breathing e.t.c
4) Fibre
5) Minerals
6) Vitamins
7) Carbohydrate - Mainly Used For energy, this Food group is divided into Starches and Sugars

About 70% of a person's body Weigth is water. Quite alot of this water is lost by sweating, Breathing and going to the toilet. therefore It's Important We replace it.

Fibre - This Is The bit of food We can not Digest. It's Mainly the cell walls of plant materials.It's Important because it provides bulk to make it easier to push food through your digestive System. This helps prevent Constipation and some more serious bowel problems. Fibre is present in things like begetables, fruit, Wholemeal bread and bran. It really is important to make sure that you eat some high fibre foods.

Old people need less Food As there Less active Now

Pregnant Women Need Extra protein, calcium and Increased amoutn of food in general

Footballers Need extra Protein For Muscle Building

Baby Needs Lots Of protein for growth and Calcium for Stron Bones and teeth

Computer Advisor ( aka Sat At the comp all day) needs Less energy good Due to Relatively Easy ( Non- Active) Job.

Crate Mover Needs more Nergy Food Dure To Demands Of His Job (active).

Most Carbohydrates should coem from fruit and Vegetables and some from bread, rice and pasta

Most Protein should come from low fat sources such as fish, chicken, lean meat and soya. Dairly Produce Like Cheese and Eggs contain alot of fat

Try to include fat from olive oil and nuts instead of butter and margarine.

Foods High In fibre Are Fresh fruit and vegetables so include alot of these in your diet ( BLEUGH!!! Minging Lol )

Drink Lots of water Especially when Exercising

Here is how you test foods

Carbohydrates (1) - Starch

Add 4 Drops Of Iodine to the ground up food, or a Soultion of it...
... if starch is present it will Produce a blue Black Colour.

Carbohydrates (2) - Sugars

About 8 Drops of benedict's Reagent is Added To the Sample in Solution. This Makes it Go Pale blue.

The Boiling Tube Is Then Heated in A Beaker of Hot water

If Simple Sugars Are present it will change From blue to green to yellow to brick red

Hope this helped..... ;D

[ninjamonkey]

Digestion


Hope this Helps......



Small 'food' Molecules Can pass easily through the wall of the digestive system. This means that sugar, water and Certain Vitamins And Minerals, Are all easily Absorbed. Protein, Starch and fat molecules however are too big and too Insoluble to be absorbed through the wall of the digestion System and this Is where ENZYMES come in.

Enzymes- Are Special Chemicals Produced In the Digestive System Which Digest Large, Insoluble food and Molecules to smaller Soluble Molecules so that they can be absorbed into the body through the wall of the digestive system.

The walls of the intestines are lined with a great many blood vessels. These blood vessels penterate the walls and get very close to where all the digested food is......
This Digested Food sips Through the wall of the intestine and passes straight into the blood stream.......
The blood Now transports This Absorbed Food To All the Cells of The Body....
The Hearth Then pumps The blood thropugh the blood vessels s that the cells can have sugar and fats for energy and proteins to grow and repair Any damage That may have been done to them...

[beefy2k6]

you've pretty much coverd everything there my friend

[Bobmarly]

what u have adam u musthave done well

[ninjamonkey]

lol I hardly Think 62% is Well LOL xD

[Damon]

Why did you put these revision guides on here anyway Adam, you swot hehe

[Bobmarly]

yeh s w a t

[Damon]

lol, he wants to help other people be good but it just doesnt work with me lol

[beefy2k6]

put your a crow

[ninjamonkey]

I put them On as I Had to Type Out the whole Book and What better way than to make it into a post that helps me and my friends